Slow Is Fast: Designing a Freezing Step to Reduce Primary Drying Time by as Much as 70%

The freezing step of lyophilization has a major influence on the primary drying time. Whether using freezing slowly or quickly, using controlled nucleation or annealing, the choice of freezing protocol can change the rate of primary drying and the vial-to-vial difference in primary drying times. In this webinar, we review the initial ice growth during the “nucleation” phase and the subsequent ice growth. The effect of the ice growth rates on ice structure and primary drying time will be discussed in detail Dr. Bogner is Professor of Pharmaceutics in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Connecticut and the Director for Kildsig Center for Pharmaceutical Processing Research (CPPR). She received her B.S. in Pharmacy from Rutgers University, M.S. from the University of Iowa, and Ph.D. from Rutgers University after which she joined the faculty of the University of Connecticut. Dr. Bogner’s research interests are focused on freezing and freeze-drying for stabilization of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, and cellular therapies. Dr. Bogner has a patent and many publications. She has served on several editorial boards, a USP committee, and FDA advisory committee. Dr. Bogner is a Teaching Fellow at the University of Connecticut and Fellow of the AAPS.