The initial phase of a freeze drying process, freezing, determines the ice crystal morphology within the product. This, in turn, impacts the product`s performance in the subsequent drying phases. Due to the random nature of the freezing process, the start of freezing, i.e. ice nucleation, cannot be controlled in a “standard” freeze drying cycle using “standard” equipment. This causes heterogeneity within batches and between scales which can be considered as one of the major scale-up issues. Over the last years, significant technological progress has been made to control freezing. This webinar aims to provide an update on the current scientific state, covering both the basic principles of freezing in a freeze drying cycle as well as the recent developments with regard to control of the freezing stage. Presented by Dr. Margit Gieseler CEO GILYOS GmbH
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